The Ottoman Empire (1299-1922 CE)
- One of the longest-lasting and most influential Muslim empires, the Ottoman Empire at its height spanned Europe, Asia, and Africa. The Ottomans controlled vast territories, including modern-day Turkey, the Balkans, North Africa, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. They ruled for over 600 years, with their capital in Istanbul (formerly Constantinople). The empire played a pivotal role in world history, especially during the Renaissance and the early modern period, before ultimately dissolving after World War I.
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